Cheese

Overview

Production

Process

Health Benefits

What is Cheese?

Cheese is a dairy product that is made by coagulating milk proteins, typically from cows, goats, or sheep. The coagulation process separates the curds from the whey, and the curds are then pressed and molded into the desired shape. The cheese-making process also involves adding various bacteria and enzymes to give the cheese its unique flavor and texture.

Cheese has been a staple food for thousands of years and is enjoyed by people all over the world. It has a rich and creamy texture and comes in a wide variety of flavors, from mild and buttery to sharp and tangy. Cheese can be eaten on its own as a snack or used as an ingredient in countless dishes, from pizzas and sandwiches to casseroles and soups.

Cheese is a versatile food that has played an important role in many cultures throughout history. From the ancient Greeks and Romans to modern-day cheese lovers, people have been enjoying this delicious dairy product for centuries. Whether eaten on its own or used as an ingredient in a recipe, cheese adds a rich and satisfying flavor to any meal.

Cheese Production in the World.

The global production of Cheese plays a significant role in agriculture and trade. As of 2021, United States is the top producer, contributing 6,457,848 tonnes, which accounts for 24.72% of the total global production. Germany ranks second, producing 3,000,645 tonnes, representing 11.48% of the world's output. Other significant producers include France, Italy, and Netherlands, with production levels of 2,217,980, 1,348,469, and 946,760 tonnes, respectively. Georgia has the lowest production among the listed countries, contributing just 41 tonnes in 2021. In total, global production of Cheese reached approximately 26,128,417 tonnes in 2021.

Top 10 Countries by Cheese Production in 2021

Countries Ranked by Cheese Production in 2021

Source:FAOSTAT
Last Updated: 23 Jan 2025

Rank	Country	Production (Tonnes)
1	United States	6,457,848
2	Germany	3,000,645
3	France	2,217,980
4	Italy	1,348,469
5	Netherlands	946,760
6	Poland	919,761
7	Russia	812,919
8	Turkiye	806,396
9	Egypt	648,851
10	Canada	601,061
11	United Kingdom	500,000
12	Argentina	460,173
13	Denmark	454,500
14	New Zealand	380,000
15	Australia	366,201
16	Spain	360,766
17	Iran	326,035
18	Ireland	287,300
19	Belarus	278,938
20	Austria	256,970
21	Venezuela	245,049
22	Uzbekistan	229,165
23	Switzerland	227,065
24	Greece	226,923
25	China	216,245
26	Czech Republic	204,707
27	Mexico	181,558
28	Japan	161,333
29	Belgium	148,485
30	Israel	147,448
31	Ukraine	135,112
32	Saudi Arabia	127,036
33	Lithuania	121,758
34	Chile	109,374
35	Hungary	105,681
36	Sudan	104,602
37	Bulgaria	102,236
38	Syria	100,687
39	Romania	96,070
40	Ecuador	94,422
41	Sweden	84,200
42	Finland	83,610
43	Portugal	77,380
44	Norway	74,105
45	Uruguay	72,637
46	Nicaragua	71,896
47	Azerbaijan	69,935
48	Niger	67,915
49	Latvia	62,300
50	Colombia	61,775
51	Brazil	59,825
52	South Africa	59,162
53	Serbia	54,375
54	Myanmar	50,399
55	Estonia	47,360
56	Slovakia	42,683
57	Kazakhstan	40,043
58	Albania	33,785
59	Morocco	33,645
60	Croatia	32,726
61	Peru	26,795
62	Costa Rica	26,198
63	Lebanon	24,928
64	Afghanistan	22,887
65	Tanzania	21,661
66	Yemen	20,457
67	Armenia	19,231
68	Guatemala	17,794
69	Iraq	15,080
70	Slovenia	14,764
71	Tajikistan	14,276
72	Honduras	14,220
73	Panama	14,125
74	Iceland	13,254
75	Cuba	12,273
76	Jordan	10,920
77	Bolivia	10,655
78	Montenegro	9,884
79	Nigeria	9,626
80	North Macedonia	9,284
81	Bosnia and Herzegovina	8,528
82	Tunisia	7,935
83	Mauritania	7,905
84	Dominican Republic	7,340
85	Botswana	6,947
86	Kyrgyzstan	6,639
87	Moldova	6,416
88	Ethiopia	6,301
89	Palestine	6,023
90	India	5,191
91	Oman	5,084
92	Zambia	4,675
93	Cyprus	4,110
94	Bhutan	3,154
95	Algeria	2,610
96	Thailand	2,500
97	Zimbabwe	2,455
98	Turkmenistan	2,199
99	Mongolia	2,117
100	El Salvador	1,463
101	Angola	1,403
102	Bangladesh	1,269
103	Eritrea	720
104	Kenya	406
105	Namibia	389
106	Georgia	41

Process of Making Cheese

Cheese is not grown like plants, but it is produced through a process known as cheese-making, which involves several stages of fermentation, coagulation, curdling, and aging. The specific techniques used to cultivate cheese vary depending on the type of cheese being produced, but the general process typically involves the following steps:

Milk collection and preparation: The first step in cheese-making is collecting milk from cows, goats, sheep, or other animals. The milk is then pasteurized, heated, or left raw, depending on the type of cheese being made.
Coagulation: Next, a coagulating agent such as rennet is added to the milk to cause it to thicken and form curds. The curds are then cut into small pieces to release the whey.
Draining and pressing: The curds are then drained and pressed to remove the excess liquid and create a firmer texture. The cheese may be molded into a specific shape at this point.
Aging: Finally, the cheese is aged for a period, which can range from a few weeks to several years, depending on the type of cheese. During aging, the cheese develops its unique flavor and texture as it interacts with bacteria and enzymes.

The cultivation of cheese requires careful attention to temperature, acidity, and other factors to ensure that the cheese develops properly. Different types of cheese may require different methods of cultivation and aging to achieve their desired flavor and texture.

Health Benefits of Cheese

Cheese is a nutrient-dense food that provides several health benefits when consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

Here are some of the potential health benefits of cheese:

Good source of protein: Cheese is a good source of protein, which is important for building and repairing tissues in the body.
Rich in calcium: Cheese is also a rich source of calcium, which is essential for strong bones and teeth.
May reduce the risk of osteoporosis: Regular consumption of cheese has been associated with a reduced risk of osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak bones that are more susceptible to fractures.
May improve heart health: Some studies have suggested that consumption of cheese may be associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, possibly due to the presence of certain nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and vitamin K2.
May improve dental health: Cheese consumption has also been linked to improved dental health, possibly due to the presence of calcium and other minerals that help strengthen teeth and prevent tooth decay.

While cheese can be a tasty and nutritious addition to a balanced diet, it's essential to keep in mind that it is also high in saturated fat and sodium. Therefore, it's advisable to consume it in moderation. Additionally, individuals with dairy allergies or lactose intolerance should avoid or limit their intake of cheese.

Nutritional Information of Cheese

The exact nutritional composition of cheese can vary depending on the type of cheese and how it was produced. Here is a general overview of the nutrition of cheese per 100 grams:

Calories: 300-400 calories
Protein: 20-30 grams
Fat: 20-30 grams
Carbohydrates: 0-5 grams
Calcium: 700-1200 milligrams
Sodium: 400-1200 milligrams
Phosphorus: 400-800 milligrams
Vitamin B12: 0.5-3 micrograms
Vitamin A: 100-800 international units

It's worth emphasizing that the nutritional content of cheese can differ based on various factors, such as the cheese type, milk used, production techniques, and aging time. Moreover, certain cheese varieties may contain more calories, sodium, and saturated fat than others, making it crucial to limit cheese intake and consume it as part of a well-rounded diet in moderation.

Types of Cheese

There are many different types of cheese, each with its unique flavor, texture, and characteristics. Here are some of the most common types of cheese:

Cheddar: A popular hard cheese with a sharp, tangy flavor.
Mozzarella: A soft, mild cheese that is often used on pizzas and in Italian dishes.
Brie: A soft cheese with a creamy texture and mild flavor.
Blue cheese: This cheese is characterized by its distinct blue mold and has a pungent, sharp taste.
Parmesan: This type of cheese is firm and has a nutty flavor, typically used by grating it over pasta dishes.
Swiss: A semi-hard cheese with a mild, nutty flavor and large holes.
Gouda: A semi-hard cheese with a rich, buttery flavor and a slightly sweet taste.
Feta: A crumbly cheese with a salty, tangy flavor, often used in Mediterranean cuisine.
Provolone: A semi-hard cheese with a mild, slightly tangy flavor, often used in sandwiches and Italian dishes.
Ricotta: A soft, creamy cheese with a mild, slightly sweet flavor, often used in Italian dishes and desserts.

These are just a few examples of the many different types of cheese available. Other popular varieties include Camembert, Roquefort, Gorgonzola, Monterey Jack, Colby, and many more.

Uses of Cheese

Cheese is a versatile food that can be used in a wide variety of dishes and preparations. Here are some of the most common uses of cheese:

Sandwiches: Cheese is a popular ingredient in sandwiches, adding flavor and texture to everything from grilled cheese to BLTs.
Pizza: Cheese is an essential ingredient in pizza, with mozzarella being the most common type used.
Pasta dishes: Cheese is often grated over pasta dishes like spaghetti and lasagna, adding flavor and richness to the sauce.
Snacks: Cheese can be enjoyed as a standalone snack, either on its own or paired with crackers, fruit, or nuts.
Salads: Cheese can be crumbled or grated over salads, adding flavor and texture to the dish.
Appetizers: Cheese can be served as an appetizer, either on its own or as part of a cheese board with other cheeses, fruits, and crackers.
Sauces and dips: Cheese can be melted and used in sauces and dips, adding flavor and creaminess to dishes like macaroni and cheese, fondue, and spinach dip.
Baked goods: Cheese can be added to baked goods like bread, biscuits, and quiches, adding flavor and texture to the final product.

These are just a few examples of the many different ways that cheese can be used in cooking and meal preparation.