Cheese

What is Cheese?

Cheese is a dairy product that is made by coagulating milk proteins, typically from cows, goats, or sheep. The coagulation process separates the curds from the whey, and the curds are then pressed and molded into the desired shape. The cheese-making process also involves adding various bacteria and enzymes to give the cheese its unique flavor and texture.

Cheese has been a staple food for thousands of years and is enjoyed by people all over the world. It has a rich and creamy texture and comes in a wide variety of flavors, from mild and buttery to sharp and tangy. Cheese can be eaten on its own as a snack or used as an ingredient in countless dishes, from pizzas and sandwiches to casseroles and soups.

Cheese is a versatile food that has played an important role in many cultures throughout history. From the ancient Greeks and Romans to modern-day cheese lovers, people have been enjoying this delicious dairy product for centuries. Whether eaten on its own or used as an ingredient in a recipe, cheese adds a rich and satisfying flavor to any meal.

Cheese Production in the World.

The United States is the top country producing Cheese in the world. As of 2021, the United States produced 6,457,848 tonnes of Cheese, accounting for 24.72% of the total production. Germany is the world's second-largest Cheese producer, with 3,000,645 tonnes, which represents 11.48% of the total production. France(2,217,980) is the 3rd country, Italy(1,348,469) is the 4th country, and the Netherlands(946,760) is the 5th country in the world producing Cheese. Georgia has the lowest production of Cheese in the world with only 41 tonnes in 2021. The world's total production of cheese was estimated at 26,128,417 tonnes in 2021.

Source: FAOSTAT

Top 10 countries by Cheese production in 2021

Top Countries by Production of Cheese in 2021

Rank Country Production(Tonnes)
1
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United States
6,457,848
2
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Germany
3,000,645
3
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France
2,217,980
4
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Italy
1,348,469
5
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Netherlands
946,760
6
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Poland
919,761
7
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Russia
812,919
8
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Turkiye
806,396
9
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Egypt
648,851
10
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Canada
601,061
11
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United Kingdom
500,000
12
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Argentina
460,173
13
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Denmark
454,500
14
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New Zealand
380,000
15
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Australia
366,201
16
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Spain
360,766
17
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Iran
326,035
18
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Ireland
287,300
19
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Belarus
278,938
20
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Austria
256,970
21
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Venezuela
245,049
22
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Uzbekistan
229,165
23
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Switzerland
227,065
24
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Greece
226,923
25
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China
216,245
26
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Czech Republic
204,707
27
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Mexico
181,558
28
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Japan
161,333
29
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Belgium
148,485
30
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Israel
147,448
31
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Ukraine
135,112
32
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Saudi Arabia
127,036
33
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Lithuania
121,758
34
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Chile
109,374
35
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Hungary
105,681
36
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Sudan
104,602
37
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Bulgaria
102,236
38
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Syria
100,687
39
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Romania
96,070
40
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Ecuador
94,422
41
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Sweden
84,200
42
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Finland
83,610
43
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Portugal
77,380
44
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Norway
74,105
45
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Uruguay
72,637
46
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Nicaragua
71,896
47
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Azerbaijan
69,935
48
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Niger
67,915
49
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Latvia
62,300
50
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Colombia
61,775
51
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Brazil
59,825
52
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South Africa
59,162
53
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Serbia
54,375
54
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Myanmar
50,399
55
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Estonia
47,360
56
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Slovakia
42,683
57
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Kazakhstan
40,043
58
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Albania
33,785
59
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Morocco
33,645
60
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Croatia
32,726
61
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Peru
26,795
62
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Costa Rica
26,198
63
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Lebanon
24,928
64
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Afghanistan
22,887
65
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Tanzania
21,661
66
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Yemen
20,457
67
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Armenia
19,231
68
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Guatemala
17,794
69
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Iraq
15,080
70
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Slovenia
14,764
71
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Tajikistan
14,276
72
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Honduras
14,220
73
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Panama
14,125
74
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Iceland
13,254
75
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Cuba
12,273
76
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Jordan
10,920
77
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Bolivia
10,655
78
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Montenegro
9,884
79
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Nigeria
9,626
80
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North Macedonia
9,284
81
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
8,528
82
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Tunisia
7,935
83
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Mauritania
7,905
84
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Dominican Republic
7,340
85
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Botswana
6,947
86
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Kyrgyzstan
6,639
87
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Moldova
6,416
88
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Ethiopia
6,301
89
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Palestine
6,023
90
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India
5,191
91
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Oman
5,084
92
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Zambia
4,675
93
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Cyprus
4,110
94
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Bhutan
3,154
95
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Algeria
2,610
96
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Thailand
2,500
97
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Zimbabwe
2,455
98
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Turkmenistan
2,199
99
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Mongolia
2,117
100
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El Salvador
1,463
101
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Angola
1,403
102
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Bangladesh
1,269
103
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Eritrea
720
104
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Kenya
406
105
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Namibia
389
106
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Georgia
41

Process of Making Cheese

Cheese is not grown like plants, but it is produced through a process known as cheese-making, which involves several stages of fermentation, coagulation, curdling, and aging. The specific techniques used to cultivate cheese vary depending on the type of cheese being produced, but the general process typically involves the following steps:

  1. Milk collection and preparation: The first step in cheese-making is collecting milk from cows, goats, sheep, or other animals. The milk is then pasteurized, heated, or left raw, depending on the type of cheese being made.
  2. Coagulation: Next, a coagulating agent such as rennet is added to the milk to cause it to thicken and form curds. The curds are then cut into small pieces to release the whey.
  3. Draining and pressing: The curds are then drained and pressed to remove the excess liquid and create a firmer texture. The cheese may be molded into a specific shape at this point.
  4. Aging: Finally, the cheese is aged for a period, which can range from a few weeks to several years, depending on the type of cheese. During aging, the cheese develops its unique flavor and texture as it interacts with bacteria and enzymes.

The cultivation of cheese requires careful attention to temperature, acidity, and other factors to ensure that the cheese develops properly. Different types of cheese may require different methods of cultivation and aging to achieve their desired flavor and texture.

Health Benefits of Cheese

Cheese is a nutrient-dense food that provides several health benefits when consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

Here are some of the potential health benefits of cheese:

  1. Good source of protein: Cheese is a good source of protein, which is important for building and repairing tissues in the body.
  2. Rich in calcium: Cheese is also a rich source of calcium, which is essential for strong bones and teeth.
  3. May reduce the risk of osteoporosis: Regular consumption of cheese has been associated with a reduced risk of osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak bones that are more susceptible to fractures.
  4. May improve heart health: Some studies have suggested that consumption of cheese may be associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, possibly due to the presence of certain nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and vitamin K2.
  5. May improve dental health: Cheese consumption has also been linked to improved dental health, possibly due to the presence of calcium and other minerals that help strengthen teeth and prevent tooth decay.

While cheese can be a tasty and nutritious addition to a balanced diet, it's essential to keep in mind that it is also high in saturated fat and sodium. Therefore, it's advisable to consume it in moderation. Additionally, individuals with dairy allergies or lactose intolerance should avoid or limit their intake of cheese.

Nutritional Information of Cheese

The exact nutritional composition of cheese can vary depending on the type of cheese and how it was produced. Here is a general overview of the nutrition of cheese per 100 grams:

  • Calories: 300-400 calories
  • Protein: 20-30 grams
  • Fat: 20-30 grams
  • Carbohydrates: 0-5 grams
  • Calcium: 700-1200 milligrams
  • Sodium: 400-1200 milligrams
  • Phosphorus: 400-800 milligrams
  • Vitamin B12: 0.5-3 micrograms
  • Vitamin A: 100-800 international units

It's worth emphasizing that the nutritional content of cheese can differ based on various factors, such as the cheese type, milk used, production techniques, and aging time. Moreover, certain cheese varieties may contain more calories, sodium, and saturated fat than others, making it crucial to limit cheese intake and consume it as part of a well-rounded diet in moderation.

Types of Cheese

There are many different types of cheese, each with its unique flavor, texture, and characteristics. Here are some of the most common types of cheese:

  1. Cheddar: A popular hard cheese with a sharp, tangy flavor.
  2. Mozzarella: A soft, mild cheese that is often used on pizzas and in Italian dishes.
  3. Brie: A soft cheese with a creamy texture and mild flavor.
  4. Blue cheese: This cheese is characterized by its distinct blue mold and has a pungent, sharp taste.
  5. Parmesan: This type of cheese is firm and has a nutty flavor, typically used by grating it over pasta dishes.
  6. Swiss: A semi-hard cheese with a mild, nutty flavor and large holes.
  7. Gouda: A semi-hard cheese with a rich, buttery flavor and a slightly sweet taste.
  8. Feta: A crumbly cheese with a salty, tangy flavor, often used in Mediterranean cuisine.
  9. Provolone: A semi-hard cheese with a mild, slightly tangy flavor, often used in sandwiches and Italian dishes.
  10. Ricotta: A soft, creamy cheese with a mild, slightly sweet flavor, often used in Italian dishes and desserts.

These are just a few examples of the many different types of cheese available. Other popular varieties include Camembert, Roquefort, Gorgonzola, Monterey Jack, Colby, and many more.

Uses of Cheese

Cheese is a versatile food that can be used in a wide variety of dishes and preparations. Here are some of the most common uses of cheese:

  1. Sandwiches: Cheese is a popular ingredient in sandwiches, adding flavor and texture to everything from grilled cheese to BLTs.
  2. Pizza: Cheese is an essential ingredient in pizza, with mozzarella being the most common type used.
  3. Pasta dishes: Cheese is often grated over pasta dishes like spaghetti and lasagna, adding flavor and richness to the sauce.
  4. Snacks: Cheese can be enjoyed as a standalone snack, either on its own or paired with crackers, fruit, or nuts.
  5. Salads: Cheese can be crumbled or grated over salads, adding flavor and texture to the dish.
  6. Appetizers: Cheese can be served as an appetizer, either on its own or as part of a cheese board with other cheeses, fruits, and crackers.
  7. Sauces and dips: Cheese can be melted and used in sauces and dips, adding flavor and creaminess to dishes like macaroni and cheese, fondue, and spinach dip.
  8. Baked goods: Cheese can be added to baked goods like bread, biscuits, and quiches, adding flavor and texture to the final product.

These are just a few examples of the many different ways that cheese can be used in cooking and meal preparation.